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What are the pros and cons of a 401(k) withdrawal vs. a 401(k) loan?

IRA rollover bridge loan

There is one final way to “borrow” from your 401(k) or IRA on a short-term basis. You can roll it over into a different IRA. You are allowed to do this once in a 12-month period.

When you roll an account over, the money is not due into the new retirement account for 60 days. During that period, you can do whatever you want with the cash.

However, if it’s not safely deposited in an IRA when time is up, the IRS will consider it an early distribution. You will be subject to penalties in the full amount.

This is a risky move and is not generally recommended. However, if you want an interest-free bridge loan and are sure you can pay it back, it’s an option.

Pros and cons of 401(k) withdrawal vs. 401(k) loan

  401(k) withdrawal 401(k) loan
Pros
  • You’re not required to pay back withdrawals and 401(k) assets.
  • You don’t have to pay taxes and penalties when you take a 401(k) loan.
  • The interest you pay on the loan goes back into your retirement plan account.
  • If you miss a payment or default on your loan from a 401(k), it won’t impact your credit score.

 

Cons
  • If you’re under the age of 59½ and take a traditional withdrawal, you won’t get the full amount because of the 10% penalty and the taxes you will pay up front as part of your withdrawal.

 

  • If you leave your current job, you may have to repay your loan in full in a very short time frame.
  • If you can’t repay the loan, it’s considered defaulted, and you’ll owe both taxes and a 10% penalty if you’re under 59½.
  • You also lose out on investing the money you borrow in a tax-advantaged account, so you’d miss out on potential growth.

The bottom line

There are several ways you can withdraw from your 401(k) or IRA penalty free. Still, we recommend not touching your retirement savings until you are retired.

Compounding can have a significant impact on helping to maximize your retirement savings and extending the life of your portfolio. You lose out on that when you take early distributions.

We understand that it’s always possible for unforeseen circumstances to arise before you reach retirement. Being aware of the exceptions allows you to make informed decisions and possibly avoid paying extra fees and taxes.

To take control of your finances, a good place to start is by stepping back, getting organized, and looking at your money holistically.

You can use Empower’s free financial tools to:

  • Track your net worth over time.
  • Review all your investments in one place.
  • Make sophisticated projections for the success of your retirement plan.
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